Film distribution is the process through which a movie is made available to watch for an audience. Film distribution usually goes through many steps for the movie to be available to the specific audience.
Here is usually the path in the process a film company may need to go through for their movie to be available in cinemas:
· Someone has an idea for a movie.
· They pitch the idea to producers/directors and write the movie out.
· A studio/investor purchase rights to the movie.
· Find actors/mise-en-scene.
· Find suitable locations and check if available for when needed.
· Rehearse scenes.
· Film the movie.
· Edit the movie and produce final cut.
· The film is sent to the studio which makes a licensing agreement with a distribution company.
· The distribution company determines how many copies of the movie to make, buyers negotiate with distribution terms and few days before the movie release the movie is sent to the theaters.
· Merchandise is sold to promote the movie.
· Public release/Theaters show the movie for specified number of weeks.
· The potential target audience buys a ticket to watch the movie.
· After the number of weeks the movie has run the copy is sent back to the distribution and money is paid to the distribution company.
Hollywood’s Studio System
The studio system was a means of film production and distribution dominant in Hollywood from the early 1920s through the 1950s. The term studio system refers to the practice of large motion picture studios producing movies primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract and pursuing vertical integration through ownership or effective control of distributors and movie theatres, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques.
Horizontal Integration
Horizontal Integration involves the acquisition of competitors in the same section of the industry. An example of Horizontal Integration is Sony Ericcson. Sony Ericsson is a joint venture which joined together in 2001.
Vertical Integration
Vertical Integration is when companies control the three main areas of production, distribution and exhibition and involves one company having the ownership of every stage of the production process, thereby ensuring complete control of a media product. An example of Vertical Integration when Granada buying into Liverpool Football Club.
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